What are Assistive Technologies?
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What it is and Why it is Important to Understand
Assistive technology can be defined as any technology, type of equipment or software that helps people to work around the challenges they have related to learning, communication, or mobility. Assistive technology is used to increase, maintain, and improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities or special needs and can be defined as no-tech, low tech, mid tech, and high tech. This technology can be as low-tech as pencil grips or as high-tech as special purpose computers. It could be software, such as screen readers and communication programs, or hardware like special switches, keyboards, or pointing devices. Assistive technology helps people who have difficulty speaking, typing, writing, remembering, pointing, seeing, hearing, learning, walking, and many other things.
Many assistive technologies we see every day. Some people use glasses to see, read, and drive while others use wheelchairs or walking sticks to get around. These are common examples of no-tech and low-tech assistive technology. An example of a hi-tech assistive technology is hearing loop systems which use electromagnetic energy to transmit amplified sounds in many hearing aids and cochlear implants. Other examples of assistive devices are picture boards or touch screens that allow users to communicate by touching pictures or symbols of typical items and activities that make up a person’s daily life. These often will translate the words or pictures into speech and may even allow for different voices such as male or female, child or adult, and even some accents. Assistive technology like grammar and spell checks, ramps, automatic doors etc. are helpful for individuals with disabilities as well as other individuals who may inadvertently benefit from that technology.
Modern assistive technologies have simplified life for people with disabilities, improving their access to the education system and the world. Students with disabilities, from deafness and blindness to ADHD, have a legal right to a free and appropriate K-12 education, as well as reasonable accommodations in their post-secondary education. Schools often meet these requirements with assistive technology which supports individual students to function in these environments without any obstacles. According to Watson et al, assistive technology may have a significant effect in helping students with disabilities progress towards the goals outlined on their Individual Education Plans (2010). Therefore, Assistive technology helps in two ways:
- It can help the student learn how to complete the task and
- It can help to bypass an area of difficulty.
However, although assistive technology can support struggling learners, the technology itself has little impact on learning. In order for students to benefit from the technology, educators must understand what the assistive technology is and how to create instruction that is most conducive to its use. For instance, a screen reader can read a Word document. But if the document is especially long and not formatted with a proper heading structure, the student will not be able to scan the document with the reader and jump to specific parts of the document the way someone without a screen reader might. For this reason, we recommend always keeping assistive technologies in mind when creating your course content. Our page, Creating Accessible Content, will provide resources to help you begin to make your course content ready for assistive technologies.
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